Association of Blood Pressure Measurements With Peripheral Artery Disease Events: Reanalysis of the ALLHAT Data

Article

关键词: CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS;    VASCULAR-DISEASE;    FOLLOW-UP;    STIFFNESS;    RISK;    CLAUDICATION;    MORTALITY;    OUTCOMES;    BLOCKER;    TRIAL;   

DOI  :  10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033348

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

Background: Current guidelines recommend treating hypertension in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to reduce the risk of cardiac events and stroke, but the effect of reducing blood pressure on lower extremity PAD events is largely unknown. We investigated the association of blood pressure with lower extremity PAD events using data from the ALLHAT trial (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial). Methods: ALLHAT investigated the effect of different antihypertensive medication classes (chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin) on cardiovascular events. With the use of these data, the primary outcome in our analysis was time to first lower extremity PAD event, defined as PAD-related hospitalization, procedures, medical treatment, or PAD-related death. Given the availability of longitudinal standardized blood pressure measurements, we analyzed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure as time-varying categorical variables (reference categories 120-129 mmHg for SBP, 70-79 mmHg for DBP, and 45-54 mmHg for pulse pressure) in separate models. We used extended Cox regression with death as a competing risk to calculate the association of each blood pressure component with PAD events, and report the results as subdistribution hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Results: The present analysis included 33357 patients with an average age of 67.4 years, 53.1% men, 59.7% white race, and 36.2% with diabetes mellitus. The median baseline blood pressure was 146/84 mmHg. Participants were followed for a median of 4.3 (interquartile range, 3.6-5.3) years, during which time 1489 (4.5%) had a lower extremity PAD event, and 4148 (12.4%) died. In models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, SBP <120 mmHg was associated with a 26% (CI, 5%-52%; P=0.015) higher hazard and SBP160 mmHg was associated with a 21% (CI, 0%-48%; P=0.050) higher hazard for a PAD event, in comparison with SBP 120 to 129 mmHg. In contrast, lower, but not higher, DBP was associated with a higher hazard of PAD events: for DBP <60 mmHg (hazard ratio, 1.72; CI, 1.38-2.16). Pulse pressure had a U-shaped association with PAD events. Conclusions: In this reanalysis of data from ALLHAT, we found a higher rate of lower extremity PAD events with higher and lower SBP and pulse pressure and with lower DBP. Given the recent revised blood pressure guidelines advocating lower SBP targets for overall cardiovascular risk reduction, further refinement of optimal blood pressure targets specific to PAD is needed.

【 授权许可】

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