Molecular basis of transport and regulation in the Na+/betaine symporter BetP

Article

关键词: SOLUTES GLYCINE BETAINE;    RENAL MEDULLARY CELLS;    CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM;    COMPATIBLE SOLUTES;    ORGANIC OSMOLYTES;    NEUROTRANSMITTER TRANSPORTERS;    SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;    OSMOTIC REGULATION;    CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE;    VOLUME REGULATION;   

DOI  :  10.1038/nature07819

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

Osmoregulated transporters sense intracellular osmotic pressure and respond to hyperosmotic stress by accumulation of osmolytes to restore normal hydration levels. Here we report the determination of the X-ray structure of a member of the family of betaine/choline/carnitine transporters, the Na+-coupled symporter BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is a highly effective osmoregulated uptake system for glycine betaine. Glycine betaine is bound in a tryptophan box occluded from both sides of the membrane with aromatic side chains lining the transport pathway. BetP has the same overall fold as three unrelated Na+-coupled symporters. Whereas these are crystallized in either the outward-facing or the inward-facing conformation, the BetP structure reveals a unique intermediate conformation in the Na+-coupled transport cycle. The trimeric architecture of BetP and the break in three-fold symmetry by the osmosensing C-terminal helices suggest a regulatory mechanism of Na+-coupled osmolyte transport to counteract osmotic stress.

【 授权许可】

Free