Rechargeable Na/Cl-2 and Li/Cl-2 batteries

Article

关键词: LITHIUM;    CHLORIDE;    ELECTROLYTES;    REDUCTION;    DISCHARGE;    ETHER;   

DOI  :  10.1038/s41586-021-03757-z

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in applications ranging from electric vehicles to wearable devices. Before the invention of secondary LIBs, the primary lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) battery was developed in the 1970s using SOCl2 as the catholyte, lithium metal as the anode and amorphous carbon as the cathode(1-7). This battery discharges by lithium oxidation and catholyte reduction to sulfur, sulfur dioxide and lithium chloride, is well known for its high energy density and is widely used in real-world applications; however, it has not been made rechargeable since its invention(8-13). Here we show that with a highly microporous carbon positive electrode, a starting electrolyte composed of aluminium chloride in SOCl2 with fluoride-based additives, and either sodium or lithium as the negative electrode, we can produce a rechargeable Na/Cl-2 or Li/Cl-2 battery operating via redox between mainly Cl-2/Cl- in the micropores of carbon and Na/Na+ or Li/Li+ redox on the sodium or lithium metal. The reversible Cl-2/NaCl or Cl-2/LiCl redox in the microporous carbon affords rechargeability at the positive electrode side and the thin alkali-fluoride-doped alkali-chloride solid electrolyte interface stabilizes the negative electrode, both are critical to secondary alkali-metal/Cl-2 batteries. Rechargeable Na/Cl-2 and Li/Cl-2 batteries are produced with a microporous carbon positive electrode, aluminium chloride in thionyl chloride as the electrolyte, and either sodium or lithium as the negative electrode.

【 授权许可】

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