A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals

Article

关键词: RELIABLE PREDICTION;    GENOME SEQUENCE;    CODING SEQUENCE;    DISCOVERY;    ELEMENTS;    REVEALS;    GENE;    EXPRESSION;    SELECTION;    DYNAMICS;   

DOI  :  10.1038/nature10530

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering similar to 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for similar to 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate-and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.

【 授权许可】

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