The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19

Article

关键词: SITU HYBRIDIZATION MAP;    THYMINE DIMERS;    GENE-CLUSTER;    LDL RECEPTOR;    CHROMOSOME;    ORGANIZATION;    EVOLUTION;    EXPANSION;    MOUSE;   

DOI  :  10.1038/nature02399

来源: SCIE

【 摘 要 】

Chromosome 19 has the highest gene density of all human chromosomes, more than double the genome-wide average. The large clustered gene families, corresponding high G+C content, CpG islands and density of repetitive DNA indicate a chromosome rich in biological and evolutionary significance. Here we describe 55.8 million base pairs of highly accurate finished sequence representing 99.9% of the euchromatin portion of the chromosome. Manual curation of gene loci reveals 1,461 protein-coding genes and 321 pseudogenes. Among these are genes directly implicated in mendelian disorders, including familial hypercholesterolaemia and insulin-resistant diabetes. Nearly one-quarter of these genes belong to tandemly arranged families, encompassing more than 25% of the chromosome. Comparative analyses show a fascinating picture of conservation and divergence, revealing large blocks of gene orthology with rodents, scattered regions with more recent gene family expansions and deletions, and segments of coding and non-coding conservation with the distant fish species Takifugu.

【 授权许可】

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