Immunotherapies in rare cancers

Molecular Cancer

Review

Sneha Vivekanandhan¹  Deborah Bahr¹  Ashish Kothari²  Mohammed Ali Ashary³  Emmanuel Gabriel³  Mizba Baksh³ 

[1] Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA;Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 249203, Rishikesh, India;Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA;

关键词: Rare;    Cancers;    Immune checkpoint inhibitors;    PD1;    CTLA-4;    CAR T cells;    Macrophages;    Neoantigens;    Vaccines;    PDL1;    Tumor associated macrophages;    Dendritic cells;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12943-023-01720-2

 received in 2022-09-29, accepted in 2023-01-10,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems as well as the global economy. Rare cancers comprise a group of about 200 cancers that individually occur at extremely low frequencies. In the United States (US), their frequency is approximately 15 cases per 100,000 people, and it is even lower in Europe with approximately 6 cases per 100,000 people. However, combined their frequency of occurrence is much higher than any singular cancer. Cancer treatment and management has tremendously improved in the last decade, particularly with the administration of immune-based therapies. The four most prevalent immune-based therapies are (1) the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, (2) macrophage therapy, (3) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and (4) neoantigen-based therapies. In our review, we discuss these various aproaches and their implementation in the treatment of a variety of rare cancers. Furthermore, we discuss their limitations and potential strategies to overcome them to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. Finally, our article presents the future directions and other additional immune therapies that may be incorporated into the treatment of rare cancers.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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