Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

Malaria Journal

Research

Aboubacar Koné¹  Baba Coulibaly¹  Koffi L. Niamien¹  Konan F. Assouho²  Dounin D. Zoh²  Akré M. Adja²  Nicolas Moiroux³  Sylvie Cornelie³  Kouassi A. Adou⁴  Milossé M. C. Dahoui⁴  Florence Fournet⁵ 

[1] Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 1500, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire;Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 1500, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire;Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 08 BP 3800, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD), BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France;MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD), BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France;Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 1500, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire;MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD), BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France;Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 1500, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire;Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, BP V 18 01, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire;

关键词: Urban agriculture;    Lowlands;    Anopheles;    Malaria risk;    Côte d’Ivoire;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-023-04457-x

 received in 2022-11-07, accepted in 2023-01-16,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe use of urban lowlands for agriculture contributes to the food security of city- dwellers, but promotes malaria transmission. The objective of the study was to characterize the entomological drivers of malaria transmission in two lowlands (N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani) in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire.MethodsThe human landing catch technique was used to capture mosquitoes in houses located at the edge of two lowlands in Bouaké from February to December 2019. Cultivated surfaces were calculated monthly in both lowlands for each crop type (rice and market gardening) using images acquired by a drone. The different mosquito species were identified morphologically and by PCR analysis for the Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles infection by Plasmodium parasites was assessed by quantitative PCR. Mosquito diversity, biting behaviour and rhythmicity, and malaria transmission were determined in each lowland and compared.ResultsAnopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was predominant in N’Gattakro and Culex quinquefasciatus in Odiennekourani. Four Anopheles species were identified: An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in both lowlands, Anopheles pharoensis in N’Gattakro, and Anopheles ziemanni in Odiennekourani. Within the An. gambiae complex, three species were caught: An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis for the first time in Côte d’Ivoire (30.1%, 69.9% and 0% in N’Gattakro, and 45.1%, 52.6% and 2.4% in Odiennekourani, respectively). Anopheles gambiae s.l. species exhibited a significant exophagic behaviour in N’Gattakro (77.1% of outdoor bites versus 52.2% in Odiennekourani). In N’Gattakro, 12.6% of captures occurred before bedtime (09.00 pm) and after waking up (05.00 am), 15.1% in Odiennekourani. The mean human biting rate was higher in N’Gattakro than in Odiennekourani (61.6 versus 15.5 bites per person per night). Overall, Anopheles infection rate was 0.68%, with 0.539 and 0.029 infected bites per person per night in N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani, respectively.ConclusionThe risk of malaria in urban agricultural lowland areas is uneven. The role of agricultural developments and irrigation patterns in the production of larval habitat should be explored. The exophagic behaviour of Anopheles vectors raises the question of the residual transmission that needs to be assessed to implement appropriate control strategies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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