Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination

Biology of Sex Differences

Research

Kristen M. Carter¹  Natalie Williams²  Lily Yepez²  Fay A. Guarraci²  Jasmine B. Belfield²  Bernard Sencherey²  Layla Avendano²  Cleriza Estoesta²  Amanda Gale²  Megan Kelly²  Hannah S. Valdivia²  Andrea C. Gore³ 

[1] Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, 29506, Florence, SC, USA;Department of Psychology, Southwestern University, 78626, Georgetown, TX, USA;Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas, at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA;

关键词: GnRH agonist;    Partner preference;    Sexual motivation;    Estrous cycle;    Vaginal opening;    Preputial separation;    Puberty;    Paced mating;    Copulatory behavior;    Sexual behavior;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13293-022-00485-5

 received in 2022-08-22, accepted in 2022-12-19,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundGnRH agonists have been used to halt the development of puberty in children with precocious puberty since the 1980s. Recently, drugs like Lupron Depot® (leuprolide acetate), have been used to suppress pubertal progression in adolescents who are questioning their gender identity. However, few preclinical studies have been conducted to investigate potential effects of using GnRH agonists in this context.MethodsThe present study tested the effects of daily leuprolide treatment (50 µg/kg, postnatal day (PD) 25–50) on pubertal onset in female (i.e., vaginal opening) and male (i.e., preputial separation) Long-Evans rats. The first estrous cycle immediately after vaginal opening was also measured. Sexual behavior and sexual motivation were tested using the partner-preference paradigm. Female rats were tested during the first behavioral estrus after treatment ended (between PD 51–64). Male rats were tested weekly for four consecutive weeks starting three days after treatment ended (PD 53).ResultsConsistent with previous findings, leuprolide significantly delayed pubertal onset in both female and male rats. In addition, the first estrous cycle during the treatment period was disrupted by leuprolide, as indicated by a failure to cycle into estrus after vaginal opening until treatment ended. However, leuprolide affected neither sexual motivation nor fertility when female rats were tested within 14 days of leuprolide treatment ending. In contrast, the development of copulatory behavior and sexual motivation was significantly delayed by leuprolide in male rats; however, mature reproductive behavior was observed by the fourth week post-treatment.ConclusionsTaken together with previous findings, the present results indicate that male rats may be more sensitive to periadolescent leuprolide administration, taking longer to overcome the effects of leuprolide than female rats. Nevertheless, not long after leuprolide treatment is discontinued, sex-typical reproductive physiology and behavior emerge fully in female and male rats, indicating that the drug’s effects are not permanent. If translatable to humans, leuprolide may be a reversible option to give adolescents more time to consider their gender identity with minimal long-term effects on sexual development.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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