Extreme solar events

Living Reviews in Solar Physics

Review Article

Kazunari Shibata¹  Carolus J. Schrijver²  Edward W. Cliver³  Ilya G. Usoskin⁴ 

[1] Kwasan Observatory, Kyoto University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan;Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan;National Solar Observatory, Boulder, CO, USA;National Solar Observatory, Boulder, CO, USA;School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit and Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;

关键词: Sun;    Superflare stars;    Solar flares;    Coronal mass ejections;    Geomagnetic storms;    Solar energetic particle events;    Extreme solar activity;   

DOI  :  10.1007/s41116-022-00033-8

 received in 2021-01-12, accepted in 2022-01-12,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

We trace the evolution of research on extreme solar and solar-terrestrial events from the 1859 Carrington event to the rapid development of the last twenty years. Our focus is on the largest observed/inferred/theoretical cases of sunspot groups, flares on the Sun and Sun-like stars, coronal mass ejections, solar proton events, and geomagnetic storms. The reviewed studies are based on modern observations, historical or long-term data including the auroral and cosmogenic radionuclide record, and Kepler observations of Sun-like stars. We compile a table of 100- and 1000-year events based on occurrence frequency distributions for the space weather phenomena listed above. Questions considered include the Sun-like nature of superflare stars and the existence of impactful but unpredictable solar "black swans" and extreme "dragon king" solar phenomena that can involve different physics from that operating in events which are merely large.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2022

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