Study Protocol. Evaluating the life-course health impact of a city-wide system approach to improve air quality in Bradford, UK: A quasi-experimental study with implementation and process evaluation

Environmental Health

Methodology

Sally Jones¹  Shahid Islam²  Tiffany C. Yang²  Rukhsana Rashid²  Rosemary R. C. McEachan²  John Wright²  Gillian Santorelli²  Simon Walker³  Laura Bojke³  Maria Bryant⁴  Kate E. Pickett⁴  James Tate⁵  Kirsty Pringle⁶  James B. McQuaid⁶  Jamie Thorpe⁷ 

[1] Bradford District Metropolitan Council, BD1 1HX, Bradford, England;Bradford Institute of Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, England;Centre for Health Economics, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK;Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK;Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, England;School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, England;St Stephen’s Church of England Primary School, BD5 7HU, Bradford, England;

关键词: Air Quality;    Citizen science;    Clean Air Zone;    Interrupted time series analysis;    Quasi-experimental evaluation;    Health;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-022-00942-z

 received in 2022-03-24, accepted in 2022-11-21,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAir quality is a major public health threat linked to poor birth outcomes, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Deprived groups and children are disproportionately affected. Bradford will implement a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) as part of the Bradford Clean Air Plan (B-CAP) in 2022 to reduce pollution, providing a natural experiment. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the impact of the B-CAP on health outcomes and air quality, inequalities and explore value for money. An embedded process and implementation evaluation will also explore barriers and facilitators to implementation, impact on attitudes and behaviours, and any adverse consequences.MethodsThe study is split into 4 work packages (WP). WP1A: 20 interviews with decision makers, 20 interviews with key stakeholders; 10 public focus groups and documentary analysis of key reports will assess implementation barriers, acceptability and adverse or unanticipated consequences at 1 year post-implementation (defined as point at which charging CAZ goes ‘live’). WP1B: A population survey (n = 2000) will assess travel behaviour and attitudes at baseline and change at 1 year post-implementation). WP2: Routine air quality measurements will be supplemented with data from mobile pollution sensors in 12 schools collected by N = 240 pupil citizen scientists (4 within, 4 bordering and 4 distal to CAZ boundary). Pupils will carry sensors over four monitoring periods over a 12 month period (two pre, and two post-implementation). We will explore whether reductions in pollution vary by CAZ proximity. WP3A: We will conduct a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis using a longitudinal routine health dataset of > 530,000 Bradford residents comparing trends (3 years prior vs 3 years post) in respiratory health (assessed via emergency/GP attendances. WP3B: We will use the richly-characterised Born in Bradford cohort (13,500 children) to explore health inequalities in respiratory health using detailed socio-economic data. WP4: will entail a multi-sectoral health economic evaluation to determine value for money of the B-CAP.DiscussionThis will be first comprehensive quasi-experimental evaluation of a city-wide policy intervention to improve air quality. The findings will be of value for other areas implementing this type of approach.Trial RegistrationISRCTN67530835 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN67530835

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2022

【 图 表 】

12888_2022_4365_Article_IEq7.gif

12888_2022_4365_Article_IEq4.gif

12982_2022_119_Article_IEq94.gif

Fig. 5