Preparing medical first responders for crises: a systematic literature review of disaster training programs and their effectiveness

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Review

Georg Regal¹  Stefan Mohr²  Thomas C. Sauter³  Rafael Wespi⁴  Yannick Hill⁵  Britt-Inger Saveman⁶  Lina Gyllencreutz⁶  Marie O. Frenkel⁷  Anke S. Baetzner⁷  Cornelia Wrzus⁸ 

[1] Center for Technology Experience, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria;Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, Colorado Springs, USA;Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;Psychological Institute and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;

关键词: Emergency medical technicians;    Emergency medicine;    Mass casualty incident;    Medical education;    Mixed reality;    Paramedics;    Performance;    Prehospital care;    Simulation;    Virtual reality;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13049-022-01056-8

 received in 2022-08-08, accepted in 2022-11-30,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAdequate training and preparation of medical first responders (MFRs) are essential for an optimal performance in highly demanding situations like disasters (e.g., mass accidents, natural catastrophes). The training needs to be as effective as possible, because precise and effective behavior of MFRs under stress is central for ensuring patients’ survival and recovery. This systematic review offers an overview of scientifically evaluated training methods used to prepare MFRs for disasters. It identifies different effectiveness indicators and provides an additional analysis of how and to what extent the innovative training technologies virtual (VR) and mixed reality (MR) are included in disaster training research.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and focused specifically on (quasi-)experimental studies published between January 2010 and September 2021. The literature search was conducted via Web of Science and PubMed and led to the inclusion of 55 articles.ResultsThe search identified several types of training, including traditional (e.g., lectures, real-life scenario training) and technology-based training (e.g., computer-based learning, educational videos). Most trainings consisted of more than one method. The effectiveness of the trainings was mainly assessed through pre-post comparisons of knowledge tests or self-reported measures although some studies also used behavioral performance measures (e.g., triage accuracy). While all methods demonstrated effectiveness, the literature indicates that technology-based methods often lead to similar or greater training outcomes than traditional trainings. Currently, few studies systematically evaluated immersive VR and MR training.ConclusionTo determine the success of a training, proper and scientifically sound evaluation is necessary. Of the effectiveness indicators found, performance assessments in simulated scenarios are closest to the target behavior during real disasters. For valid yet inexpensive evaluations, objectively assessible performance measures, such as accuracy, time, and order of actions could be used. However, performance assessments have not been applied often. Furthermore, we found that technology-based training methods represent a promising approach to train many MFRs repeatedly and efficiently. These technologies offer great potential to supplement or partially replace traditional training. Further research is needed on those methods that have been underrepresented, especially serious gaming, immersive VR, and MR.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2022

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