Evening-types show highest increase of sleep and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic—multinational study on 19 267 adults

Sleep

article

Merikanto, Ilona¹  Kortesoja, Laura⁴  Benedict, Christian⁵  Chung, Frances⁶  Cedernaes, Jonathan⁸  Espie, Colin A^1,10  Morin, Charles M^1,11  Dauvilliers, Yves^1,12  Partinen, Markku^1,13  De Gennaro, Luigi^1,14  Wing, Yun Kwok^1,16  Chan, Ngan Yin^1,17  Inoue, Yuichi^1,18  Matsui, Kentaro^1,19  Holzinger, Brigitte^2,20  Plazzi, Giuseppe^2,21  Mota-Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro^2,23  Leger, Damien^2,24  Penzel, Thomas^2,25  Bjorvatn, Bjørn^2,26 

[1] SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki;Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare;Orton Orthopaedics Hospital;Centre for Educational Assessment, University of Helsinki;Department of Neuroscience, Sleep Science ,(BMC), Uppsala University;Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto;Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto;Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University;Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University;Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford;École de Psychologie, Centre d’étude des troubles du sommeil, Centre de recherche CERVO/Brain Research Center, Université Laval;Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier;Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, and Department of Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki;Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome;IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia;Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University;Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry;Institute for Dream and Consciousness Research, Medical University of Vienna;IRCCS—Institute of the Neurological Sciences of Bologna;Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia;Brain Institute, Physiology and Behaviour Department, and Onofre Lopes University Hospital—Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte;Hopital Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Sleep and Vigilance Center, Universite de Paris;Sleep Medicine Center, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin;Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, and Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital

关键词: chronotype;    circadian rhythms;    coronavirus;    depression;    eveningness;    insomnia;    sleep quality;    stress;   

DOI  :  10.1093/sleep/zsab216

学科分类：生理学

来源: American Academy of Sleep Medicine

【 摘 要 】

Study Objectives Individual circadian type is a ubiquitous trait defining sleep, with eveningness often associated with poorer sleep and mental health than morningness. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 pandemic has differentially affected sleep and mental health depending on the circadian type. Here, the differences in sleep and mental health between circadian types are examined globally before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods The sample collected between May and August 2020 across 12 countries/regions consisted of 19 267 adults with information on their circadian type. Statistical analyses were performed by using Complex Sample procedures, stratified by country and weighted by the number of inhabitants in the country/area of interest and by the relative number of responders in that country/area.Results Evening-types had poorer mental health, well-being, and quality of life or health than other circadian types during the pandemic. Sleep–wake schedules were delayed especially on working days, and evening-types reported an increase in sleep duration. Sleep problems increased in all circadian types, but especially among evening-types, moderated by financial suffering and confinement. Intermediate-types were less vulnerable to sleep changes, although morningness protected from most sleep problems. These findings were confirmed after adjusting for age, sex, duration of the confinement, or socio-economic status during the pandemic.Conclusions These findings indicate an alarming increase in sleep and mental health problems, especially among evening-types as compared to other circadian types during the pandemic.

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