Snail acetylation by autophagy-derived acetyl-coenzyme A promotes invasion and metastasis of KRAS - LKB1 co-mutated lung cancer cells

Cancer Communications

article

Jang Hee Han¹  Yong Keon Kim¹  Hakhyun Kim¹  Jooyoung Lee¹  Myung Joon Oh¹  Sang Bum Kim¹  Minjee Kim¹  Kook Hwan Kim¹  Hyun Ju Yoon¹  Myung-Shik Lee¹  John D. Minna⁶  Michael A. White⁷  Hyun Seok Kim¹ 

[1] Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine;Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School;Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital;Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine;Checkmate Therapeutics Inc.;Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center;Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

关键词: snail;    autophagy;    acetyl-coenzyme A;    epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition;    non-small-cell lung cancer;    CAMKK2;    acetyl-snail;    pancreatic cancer;    KRAS inhibitor;    metastasis;    ACLY;   

DOI  :  10.1002/cac2.12332

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Background Autophagy is elevated in metastatic tumors and is often associated with active epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the extent to which EMT is dependent on autophagy is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms by which autophagy facilitates EMT. Methods We employed a liquid chromatography-based metabolomic approach with kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene ( KRAS ) and liver kinase B1 ( LKB1 ) gene co-mutated (KL) cells that represent an autophagy/EMT-coactivated invasive lung cancer subtype for the identification of metabolites linked to autophagy-driven EMT activation. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy-driven EMT activation were further investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and metabolite assays. The effects of chemical and genetic perturbations on autophagic flux were assessed by two orthogonal approaches: microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) turnover analysis by Western blotting and monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein (mRFP-GFP)-LC3 tandem fluorescent protein quenching assay. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activity was measured by coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) motif-driven luciferase reporter assay. Experimental metastasis (tail vein injection) mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors on lung metastasis using IVIS luciferase imaging system. Results We found that autophagy in KL cancer cells increased acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), which facilitated the acetylation and stabilization of the EMT-inducing transcription factor Snail. The autophagy/acetyl-CoA/acetyl-Snail axis was further validated in tumor tissues and in autophagy-activated pancreatic cancer cells. TFEB acetylation in KL cancer cells sustained pro-metastatic autophagy in a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of this axis via CAMKK2 inhibitors or ACLY inhibitors consistently reduced the metastatic capacity of KL cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions This study demonstrates that autophagy-derived acetyl-CoA promotes Snail acetylation and thereby facilitates invasion and metastasis of KRAS-LKB1 co-mutated lung cancer cells and that inhibition of the autophagy/acetyl-CoA/acetyl-Snail axis using CAMKK2 or ACLY inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis of KL lung cancer.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-NC-ND