Genomic imprinting in human placentation

Reproductive medicine and biology

article

Eri H. Kobayashi¹  Shun Shibata¹  Akira Oike¹  Norio Kobayashi¹  Hirotaka Hamada¹  Hiroaki Okae¹  Takahiro Arima¹ 

[1] Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine

关键词: complete hydatidiform mole (CHM);    ES-TS transdifferentiation;    genomic imprinting (GI);    human placenta;    trophoblast stem (TS) cells;   

DOI  :  10.1002/rmb2.12490

学科分类：工业工程学

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background Genomic imprinting (GI) is a mammalian-specific epigenetic phenomenon that has been implicated in the evolution of the placenta in mammals. Methods Embryo transfer procedures and trophoblast stem (TS) cells were used to re-examine mouse placenta-specific GI genes. For the analysis of human GI genes, cytotrophoblast cells isolated from human placental tissues were used. Using human TS cells, the biological roles of human GI genes were examined. Main findings (1) Many previously identified mouse GI genes were likely to be falsely identified due to contaminating maternal cells. (2) Human placenta-specific GI genes were comprehensively determined, highlighting incomplete erasure of germline DNA methylation in the human placenta. (3) Human TS cells retained normal GI patterns. (4) Complete hydatidiform mole-derived TS cells were characterized by aberrant GI and enhanced trophoblastic proliferation. The maternally expressed imprinted gene p57KIP2 may be responsible for the enhanced proliferation. (5) The primate-specific microRNA cluster on chromosome 19, which is a placenta-specific GI gene, is essential for self-renewal and differentiation of human TS cells. Conclusion Genomic imprinting plays diverse and important roles in human placentation. Experimental analyses using TS cells suggest that the GI maintenance is necessary for normal placental development in humans.

【 授权许可】

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