Who Is at Risk of Poor Mental Health Following Coronavirus Disease-19 Outpatient Management?

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Katharina Hüfner¹  Piotr Tymoszuk²  Dietmar Ausserhofer⁴  Sabina Sahanic³  Alex Pizzini³  Verena Rass⁵  Matyas Galffy¹  Anna Böhm³  Katharina Kurz³  Thomas Sonnweber³  Ivan Tancevski³  Stefan Kiechl⁵  Andreas Huber⁶  Barbara Plagg⁴  Christian J. Wiedermann⁴  Rosa Bellmann-Weiler³  Herbert Bachler⁷  Günter Weiss³  Giuliano Piccoliori⁴  Raimund Helbok⁵  Judith Loeffler-Ragg³  Barbara Sperner-Unterweger¹ 

[1] Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck;Data Analytics as a Service Tirol;Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck;Institute of General Practice and Public Health;Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck;Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care;Institute of General Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck

关键词: COVID-19;    SARS-CoV-2;    depression;    anxiety;    mental stress;    neurocognitive;    long COVID;    machine learning;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2022.792881

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Background Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) convalescents are at risk of developing a de novo mental health disorder or worsening of a pre-existing one. COVID-19 outpatients have been less well characterized than their hospitalized counterparts. The objectives of our study were to identify indicators for poor mental health following COVID-19 outpatient management and to identify high-risk individuals. Methods We conducted a binational online survey study with adult non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents (Austria/AT: n = 1,157, Italy/IT: n = 893). Primary endpoints were positive screening for depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-4) and self-perceived overall mental health (OMH) and quality of life (QoL) rated with 4 point Likert scales. Psychosocial stress was surveyed with a modified PHQ stress module. Associations of the mental health and QoL with socio-demographic, COVID-19 course, and recovery variables were assessed by multi-parameter Random Forest and Poisson modeling. Mental health risk subsets were defined by self-organizing maps (SOMs) and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The survey analyses are publicly available ( https://im2-ibk.shinyapps.io/mental_health_dashboard/ ). Results Depression and/or anxiety before infection was reported by 4.6% (IT)/6% (AT) of participants. At a median of 79 days (AT)/96 days (IT) post-COVID-19 onset, 12.4% (AT)/19.3% (IT) of subjects were screened positive for anxiety and 17.3% (AT)/23.2% (IT) for depression. Over one-fifth of the respondents rated their OMH (AT: 21.8%, IT: 24.1%) or QoL (AT: 20.3%, IT: 25.9%) as fair or poor. Psychosocial stress, physical performance loss, high numbers of acute and sub-acute COVID-19 complaints, and the presence of acute and sub-acute neurocognitive symptoms (impaired concentration, confusion, and forgetfulness) were the strongest correlates of deteriorating mental health and poor QoL. In clustering analysis, these variables defined subsets with a particularly high propensity of post-COVID-19 mental health impairment and decreased QoL. Pre-existing depression or anxiety (DA) was associated with an increased symptom burden during acute COVID-19 and recovery. Conclusion Our study revealed a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and mental health. We put forward specific acute symptoms of the disease as “red flags” of mental health deterioration, which should prompt general practitioners to identify non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who may benefit from early psychological and psychiatric intervention.

【 授权许可】

CC BY