TH17-Driven Inflammation is Present in All Clinical Forms of Multiple Sclerosis; Disease Quiescence is Associated with Gata3-Expressing Cells

European Journal of Inflammation

Original Article

N. Al-Daghri¹  D. Caputo²  M. Gironi²  M. Rovaris²  P. Tortorella²  F. Piancone²  M. Saresella²  A. Gatti²  I. Marventano²  M. Clerici³ 

[1] College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Biomarker Research Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA;Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy;Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology University of Milan, Milan, Italy;

关键词: multiple sclerosis;    immunology;    cytokines;    TH17;    TH2;    neuroinflammation;   

DOI  :  10.1177/1721727X1301100121

 received in 2012-10-14, accepted in 2013-01-14,  发布年份 2013

来源: Sage Journals

【 摘 要 】

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) presents in a variety of clinical forms associated with a diverse grade of neurological impairment, different prognosis and, possibly, multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, whereas relapsing-remitting (RR) MS appears to be largely driven by inflammatory processes, neurodegeneration, partially independent from inflammation, drives primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. An extensive analysis of neuroinflammation in the different forms of MS was performed by evaluating immunophenotypic and functional parameters in MBP-stimulated T lymphocytes of 103 MS patients (26 benign (BE) MS, 30 RRMS, 33 SPMS and 14 PPMS) and 40 healthy controls (HC). Results showed that: i) IL-17-producing and RORC/γt-expressing CD4+ T cells (TH17 lymphocytes), as well as IL-6 expressing CD14+ cell were augmented in all patients; ii) IL-22-expressing cells were increased in all forms of MS with the exception of PPMS; iii) TGF-β-expressing B cells were increased only in RRMS; and iv) GATA3-, NFATc-1, IL-13-, and IL-25-expressing cells (TH2 lymphocytes) were augmented in RRMS and BEMS patients alone. Data herein indicate a pivotal pathogenic role of TH17-driven inflammation in all clinical forms of MS and suggest that control over disease (RRMS and BEMS) is associated not with lack of inflammation per se, but rather with the activation of immune-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These results could help the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© 2013 SAGE Publications