The Microbiome of the Nose—Friend or Foe?

Allergy & Rhinology

Review

Raquel Soares¹  Sofia Dimitri-Pinheiro²  Pedro Barata³ 

[1] Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;I3S—Institute for Innovation and Health Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;Hospital Centre of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;I3S—Institute for Innovation and Health Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal;

关键词: allergic rhinitis;    chronic rhinosinusitis;    dysbiosis;    microbiome;    microbiota;    nose;    probiotics;   

DOI  :  10.1177/2152656720911605

来源: Sage Journals

【 摘 要 】

Recently, multiple studies regarding the human microbiota and its role on the development of disease have emerged. Current research suggests that the nasal cavity is a major reservoir for opportunistic pathogens, which can then spread to other sections of the respiratory tract and be involved in the development of conditions such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, pneumonia, and otitis media. However, our knowledge of how nasal microbiota changes originate nasopharyngeal and respiratory conditions is still incipient. Herein, we describe how the nasal microbiome in healthy individuals varies with age and explore the effect of nasal microbiota changes in a range of infectious and immunological conditions. We also describe the potential health benefits of human microbiota modulation through probiotic use, both in disease prevention and as adjuvant therapy. Current research suggests that patients with different chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes possess distinct nasal microbiota profiles, which influence immune response and may be used in the future as biomarkers of disease progression. Probiotic intervention may also have a promising role in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of acute respiratory tract infections and allergic rhinitis, respectively. However, further studies are needed to define the role of probiotics in the chronic rhinosinusitis.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC   
© The Author(s) 2020