Identité constituante, identité constituée

Terrains/Théories

关键词: identity;    social group;    constructivism;    collective action;    spinozism;    critical sociology;   

DOI  :  10.4000/teth.615

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This article deals with the factors of production and of reproduction of collective identity on the basis of a discussion of theoretical frames pertaining to philosophy, sociology, ethnology and social psychology. Focusing on collective identity leads ipso facto to studying production and reproduction of social groups. However there are several approaches to such processes: the first one can be labelled as « weak constructivism » and supports the idea that the formation of a group structured around collective goals, quest for recognition or autocategorization of its members is enough either to produce a social group without calling up to group identity, or to produce collective identity based on the borders of the group. Margaret Gilbert’s thesis on the collective joint intentions, Sartre’s analysis of the groups- in fusion, Tajfel’s social psychology as well as the perspective advocated by his followers or the theories of rational choice, have delineated such an approach of identity as either useless or as « strategic », « situational », infinitely plastic and negotiable.On the contrary, this paper proposes a defense of « strong constructivism » which implies that, even if identity is the outcome of a process of construction, such a process is subjected to more constraints than decision and autocategorization and is structured around social properties which frame the behavior of social agents prior to being used as strategic resources. Spinozian anthropology, critical sociology and several works of social history provide the basis of such an approach.

【 授权许可】

Unknown