Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies

Plants

Xiukang Wang¹  SyedAdeel Zafar²  Muhammad Azher Nawaz³  Muhammad Farooq⁴  HafizAthar Hussain⁵  MuhammadAhmed Waqas⁵  MehmoodAli Noor⁶ 

[1] College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;

关键词: climate change;    heat stress;    cold stress;    maize;    oxidative damage;    tolerance/susceptibility;   

DOI  :  10.3390/plants10020293

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Climate change can decrease the global maize productivity and grain quality. Maize crop requires an optimal temperature for better harvest productivity. A suboptimal temperature at any critical stage for a prolonged duration can negatively affect the growth and yield formation processes. This review discusses the negative impact of temperature extremes (high and low temperatures) on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and nutritional traits of the maize crop. High temperature stress limits pollen viability and silks receptivity, leading to a significant reduction in seed setting and grain yield. Likewise, severe alterations in growth rate, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, cellular membranes, and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperature collectively limit maize productivity. We also discussed various strategies with practical examples to cope with temperature stresses, including cultural practices, exogenous protectants, breeding climate-smart crops, and molecular genomics approaches. We reviewed that identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes controlling high- and low temperature stress tolerance in maize could be introgressed into otherwise elite cultivars to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. Genome editing has become a key tool for developing climate-resilient crops. Moreover, challenges to maize crop improvement such as lack of adequate resources for breeding in poor countries, poor communication among the scientists of developing and developed countries, problems in germplasm exchange, and high cost of advanced high-throughput phenotyping systems are discussed. In the end, future perspectives for maize improvement are discussed, which briefly include new breeding technologies such as transgene-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-mediated genome editing for thermo-stress tolerance in maize.

【 授权许可】

Unknown