Spirulina maxima Derived Pectin Nanoparticles Enhance the Immunomodulation, Stress Tolerance, and Wound Healing in Zebrafish

Marine Drugs

SHS Dananjaya¹  ShanL. Edirisinghe¹  Chamilani Nikapitiya¹  Hyo-Jung Kwun¹  Mahanama De Zoysa¹  DinushaC. Rajapaksha¹  Cheol-Hee Kim²  Chulhong Oh³  Do-Hyung Kang³ 

[1] College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju City 63349, Korea;

关键词: Aeromonas hydrophila;    immunomodulation;    pectin nanoparticles;    Spirulina maxima;    stress tolerance;    wound healing;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md18110556

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In this study, Spirulina maxima derived pectin nanoparticles (SmPNPs) were synthesized and multiple biological effects were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. SmPNPs were not toxic to Raw 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos up to 1 mg/mL and 200 µg/mL, respectively. SmPNPs upregulated Il 10, Cat, Sod 2, Def 1, Def 2, and Muc 1 in Raw 264.7 cells and tlr2, tlr4b, tlr5b, il1β, tnfα, cxcl8a, cxcl18b, ccl34a.4, ccl34b.4, muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, hamp, cstd, hsp70, cat, and sod1 in the larvae and adult zebrafish, suggesting immunomodulatory activity. Exposure of larvae to SmPNPs followed by challenge with pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila resulted a two-fold reduction of reactive oxygen species, indicating reduced oxidative stress compared to that in the control group. The cumulative percent survival of larvae exposed to SmPNPs (50 µg/mL) and adults fed diet supplemented with SmPNPs (4%) was 53.3% and 76.7%, respectively. Topical application of SmPNPs on adult zebrafish showed a higher wound healing percentage (48.9%) compared to that in the vehicle treated group (38.8%). Upregulated wound healing markers (tgfβ1, timp2b, mmp9, tnfα, il1β,ccl34a.4, and ccl34b.4), enhanced wound closure, and restored pigmentation indicated wound healing properties of SmPNPs. Overall, results uncover the multiple bioactivities of SmPNPs, which could be a promising biocompatible candidate for broad range of aquatic and human therapies.

【 授权许可】

Unknown