A Survey in Natural Forest Ecosystems of Vietnam Reveals High Diversity of both New and Described Phytophthora Taxa including P. ramorum

Forests

Cristiana Maia¹  Bruno Scanu²  Ana Pérez-Sierra³  CliveM. Brasier³  Helen Rees³  Joan Webber³  Aneta Bačová⁴  Thomas Jung⁴  Marília Horta Jung⁴  Tamara Corcobado⁴  Matěj Pánek⁴  Ivan Milenković⁴  Michal Tomšovský⁴  Milica Raco⁴  József Bakonyi⁵ 

[1] Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia vegetale ed Entomologia (SPaVE), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy;Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK;Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary;

关键词: biosecurity;    breeding systems;    hybridization;    phytophthora cinnamomi;    biogeography;    center of origin;   

DOI  :  10.3390/f11010093

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In 2016 and 2017, surveys of Phytophthora diversity were performed in 25 natural and semi-natural forest stands and 16 rivers in temperate and subtropical montane and tropical lowland regions of Vietnam. Using baiting assays from soil samples and rivers and direct isolations from naturally fallen leaves, 13 described species, five informally designated taxa and 21 previously unknown taxa of Phytophthora were isolated from 58 of the 91 soil samples (63.7%) taken from the rhizosphere of 52 of the 64 woody plant species sampled (81.3%) in 20 forest stands (83.7%), and from all rivers: P. capensis, P. citricola VII, VIII, IX, X and XI, P. sp. botryosa-like 2, P. sp. meadii-like 1 and 2, P. sp. tropicalis-like 2 and P. sp. multivesiculata-like 1 from Phytophthora major phylogenetic Clade 2; P. castaneae and P. heveae from Clade 5; P. chlamydospora, P. gregata, P. sp. bitahaiensis-like and P. sp. sylvatica-like 1, 2 and 3 from Clade 6; P. cinnamomi (Pc), P. parvispora, P. attenuata, P. sp. attenuata-like 1, 2 and 3 and P. ×heterohybrida from Clade 7; P. drechsleri, P. pseudocryptogea, P. ramorum (Pr) and P. sp. kelmania from Clade 8, P. macrochlamydospora, P. sp. ×insolita-like, P. sp. ×kunnunara-like, P. sp. ×virginiana-like s.l. and three new taxa, P. sp. quininea-like, P. sp. ×Grenada 3-like and P. sp. ×Peru 4-like, from Clade 9; and P. sp. gallica-like 1 and 2 from Clade 10. The A1 and A2 mating types of both Pc and Pr co-occurred. The A2 mating type of Pc was associated with severe dieback of montane forests in northern Vietnam. Most other Phytophthora species, including Pr, were not associated with obvious disease symptoms. It is concluded that (1) Vietnam is within the center of origin of most Phytophthora taxa found including Pc and Pr, and (2) Phytophthora clades 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are native to Indochina.

【 授权许可】

Unknown