Thyroid Nodule Characterization: How to Assess the Malignancy Risk. Update of the Literature

Diagnostics

Giuseppe Tiziano Lucarelli¹  Daniele Fresilli¹  Patrizia Pacini¹  Vincenzo Dolcetti¹  Nicola Di Leo¹  Vito Cantisani¹  Giuseppe De Vincentis¹  Giovanni Del Gaudio¹  Maria Irene Bellini²  Marco Biffoni²  Salvatore Sorrenti²  Vito D'Andrea²  Domenico Mascagni²  Cosimo Durante³  Giorgio Grani³  Emanuele David⁴ 

[1] Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;Radiological Sciences, Radiology Unit, Papardo-Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy;

关键词: MPUS;    thyroid nodule;    ultrasound;    US-elastography;    CEUS;   

DOI  :  10.3390/diagnostics11081374

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Ultrasound (US) is the first imaging modality for thyroid parenchyma evaluation. In the last decades, the role of ultrasound has been improved with the introduction of new US software, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and US-elastography (USE). USE is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) examination, in particular for the indeterminate thyroid nodule with possible fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) number reduction; even if further and larger studies are needed to validate it. More controversial is the role of CEUS in thyroid evaluation, due to its high variability in sensitivity and specificity. Semi-automatic US systems based on the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system are producing interesting results, especially as an aid to less experienced operators. New knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer is allowing practitioners to identify new genomic thyroid markers that could reduce the number of “diagnostic” thyroidectomies. We have therefore drawn up an updated representation of the current evidence in the literature for thyroid nodule multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) evaluation with particular regard to USE, the US CAD system and CEUS.

【 授权许可】

Unknown