Organohalogen compounds of emerging concern in Baltic Sea biota: Levels, biomagnification potential and comparisons with legacy contaminants

Environment International

Rossana Bossi¹  Suzanne Faxneld²  Annekatrin Dreyer³  Peter Hellström³  Gabriele Treu³  Svend Erik Garbus⁴  Ulla Sellström⁴  Jan Koschorreck⁴  Bo Yuan⁵  Rune Dietz⁵  Cynthia A. de Wit⁶  Christian Sonne⁶  Igor Eulaers⁶  Anna Roos⁷  Nina Lohmann⁸  Katrin Vorkamp⁹ 

[1] Corresponding author at: Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 8, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Air Monitoring, Eurofins GfA GmbH, DE-21107 Hamburg, Germany;Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusvägen 8, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Eurofins GfA Lab Service GmbH, Neuländer Kamp 1a, DE-21079 Hamburg, Germany;Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Bismarckplatz 1, DE-14139 Berlin, Germany;Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, DE-06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany;

关键词: Halogenated flame retardants;    Organophosphate esters;    Chlorinated paraffins;    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances;    Top predator;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

While new chemicals have replaced major toxic legacy contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), knowledge of their current levels and biomagnification potential in Baltic Sea biota is lacking. Therefore, a suite of chemicals of emerging concern, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), short-chain, medium-chain and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), were analysed in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common eider (Somateria mollissima), common guillemot (Uria aalge) and white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) from the Baltic Proper, sampled between 2006 and 2016. Results were benchmarked with existing data for legacy contaminants. The mean concentrations for ΣOPEs ranged from 57 to 550 ng g−1 lipid weight (lw), for ΣCPs from 110 to 640 ng g−1 lw for ΣHFRs from 0.42 to 80 ng g−1 lw, and for ΣPFAS from 1.1 to 450 ng g−1 wet weight. Perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS) was detected in most species. Levels of OPEs, CPs and HFRs were generally similar or higher than those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and/or hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). OPE, CP and HFR concentrations were also similar to PCBs and DDTs in blue mussel, viviparous eelpout and Atlantic herring. In marine mammals and birds, PCB and DDT concentrations remained orders of magnitude higher than those of OPEs, CPs, HFRs and PFAS. Predator-prey ratios for individual OPEs (0.28–3.9) and CPs (0.40–5.0) were similar or somewhat lower than those seen for BDE-47 (5.0–29) and HBCDD (2.4–13). Ratios for individual HFRs (0.010–37) and PFAS (0.15–47) were, however, of the same order of magnitude as seen for p,p′-DDE (4.7–66) and CB-153 (31–190), indicating biomagnification potential for many of the emerging contaminants. Lack of toxicity data, including for complex mixtures, makes it difficult to assess the risks emerging contaminants pose. Their occurence and biomagnification potential should trigger risk management measures, particularly for MCCPs, HFRs and PFAS.

【 授权许可】

Unknown