Trace Metal Dynamics in Shallow Hydrothermal Plumes at the Kermadec Arc

Frontiers in Marine Science

Andrea Koschinsky¹  Charlotte Kleint¹  Lukas Klose¹  Sylvia G. Sander²  René Neuholz⁴  Bernhard Schnetger⁵  Maren Walter⁶  Stephen M. Chiswell⁸  Patrick Laan⁹  Rob Middag⁹  Rebecca Zitoun⁹ 

[1] Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany;Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (FHG), Bremen, Germany;Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;Marine Mineral Resources, Dynamics of the Ocean Floor Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany;National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand;Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, Netherlands;

关键词: trace metals;    hydrothermal plumes;    South Pacific Ocean;    plume dispersion;    arc hydrothermalism;    Macauley volcano;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2021.782734

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Hydrothermal vents are a source of many trace metals to the oceans. Compared to mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal vent systems at arcs occur in shallower water depth and are much more diverse in fluid composition, resulting in highly variable water column trace metal concentrations. However, only few studies have focused on trace metal dynamics in hydrothermal plumes at volcanic arcs. During R/V Sonne cruise SO253 in 2016/2017, hydrothermal plumes from two hydrothermally active submarine volcanoes along the Kermadec arc in the Southwest Pacific Ocean were sampled: (1) Macauley, a magmatic dominated vent site located in water depths between 300 and 680 m, and (2) Brothers, located between 1,200 and 1,600 m water depth, where hydrothermalism influenced by water rock interactions and magmatically influenced vent sites occur near each other. Surface currents estimated from satellite-altimeter derived currents and direct measurements at the sites using lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers indicate the oceanic regime is dominated by mesoscale eddies. At both volcanoes, results indicated strong plumes of dissolved trace metals, notably Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, La, and Pb, some of which are essential micronutrients. Dissolved metal concentrations commonly decreased with distance from the vents, as to be expected, however, certain element/Fe ratios increased, suggesting a higher solubility of these elements and/or their stronger stabilization (e.g., for Zn compared to Fe). Our data indicate that at the magmatically influenced Macauley and Brothers cone sites, the transport of trace metals is strongly controlled by sulfide nanoparticles, while at the Brothers NW caldera wall site iron oxyhydroxides seem to dominate the trace metal transport over sulfides. Solution stabilization of trace metals by organic complexation appears to compete with particle adsorption processes. As well as extending the generally sparse data set for hydrothermal plumes at volcanic arc systems, our study presents the first data on several dissolved trace metals in the Macauley system, and extends the existing plume dataset of Brothers volcano. Our data further indicate that chemical signatures and processes at arc volcanoes are highly diverse, even on small scales.

【 授权许可】

Unknown