Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Activated Pyridines

Catalysts

Giulio Bertuzzi¹  Mariafrancesca Fochi¹  Luca Bernardi¹ 

[1] Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;

关键词: pyridine;    dearomatization;    pyridinium salt;    pyridinium ylide;    cycloaddition;    asymmetric catalysis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/catal8120632

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Amongst nitrogen heterocycles of different ring sizes and oxidation statuses, dihydropyridines (DHP) occupy a prominent role due to their synthetic versatility and occurrence in medicinally relevant compounds. One of the most straightforward synthetic approaches to polysubstituted DHP derivatives is provided by nucleophilic dearomatization of readily assembled pyridines. In this article, we collect and summarize nucleophilic dearomatization reactions of pyridines reported in the literature between 2010 and mid-2018, complementing and updating previous reviews published in the early 2010s dedicated to various aspects of pyridine chemistry. Since functionalization of the pyridine nitrogen, rendering a (transient) pyridinium ion, is usually required to render the pyridine nucleus sufficiently electrophilic to suffer the attack of a nucleophile, the material is organized according to the type of N-functionalization. A variety of nucleophilic species (organometallic reagents, enolates, heteroaromatics, umpoled aldehydes) can be productively engaged in pyridine dearomatization reactions, including catalytic asymmetric implementations, providing useful and efficient synthetic platforms to (enantioenriched) DHPs. Conversely, pyridine nitrogen functionalization can also lead to pyridinium ylides. These dipolar species can undergo a variety of dipolar cycloaddition reactions with electron-poor dipolarophiles, affording polycyclic frameworks and embedding a DHP moiety in their structures.

【 授权许可】

Unknown