Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety: Safety-By-Design and Testing at a Glance

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Massimo Lucarini¹  Alessandra Durazzo¹  Patrícia Severino²  Margreet Morsink²  Niels Willemen²  Piotr Eder³  MariaV. Ferreira⁴  ElianaB. Souto⁴  Beatriz Costa⁴  Diogo Miguéis⁴  JéssicaM. S. Louros⁴  Aleksandra Zielińska⁴  Antonello Santini⁵  MarcoV. Chaud⁶ 

[1]CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy

[2]Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women& Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

[3]Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60–355 Poznań, Poland

[4]Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal

[5]Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy

[6]Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba—UNISO, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil

关键词: nanotoxicology;    nanosafety;    nanomaterials;    risk assessment;    toxicity tests;    nanoparticles;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph17134657

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This review offers a systematic discussion about nanotoxicology and nanosafety associated with nanomaterials during manufacture and further biomedical applications. A detailed introduction on nanomaterials and their most frequently uses, followed by the critical risk aspects related to regulatory uses and commercialization, is provided. Moreover, the impact of nanotoxicology in research over the last decades is discussed, together with the currently available toxicological methods in cell cultures (in vitro) and in living organisms (in vivo). A special focus is given to inorganic nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In vitro and in vivo case studies for the selected nanoparticles are discussed. The final part of this work describes the significance of nano-security for both risk assessment and environmental nanosafety. “Safety-by-Design” is defined as a starting point consisting on the implementation of the principles of drug discovery and development. The concept “Safety-by-Design” appears to be a way to “ensure safety”, but the superficiality and the lack of articulation with which it is treated still raises many doubts. Although the approach of “Safety-by-Design” to the principles of drug development has helped in the assessment of the toxicity of nanomaterials, a combination of scientific efforts is constantly urgent to ensure the consistency of methods and processes. This will ensure that the quality of nanomaterials is controlled and their safe development is promoted. Safety issues are considered strategies for discovering novel toxicological-related mechanisms still needed to be promoted.

【 授权许可】

Unknown