“Pick up anything that moves”: a qualitative analysis of a police crackdown against people who use drugs in Tijuana, Mexico

Health & Justice

Leo Beletsky¹  Steffanie A. Strathdee¹  Sunyou Kang¹  Jaime Arredondo¹  Pieter Baker¹  Maria L. Mittal¹  Claudia Rafful²  Mario Morales³  Teresita Rocha-Jiménez⁴ 

[1] Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California;Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico;School of Government and Public Policy, University of Arizona;Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor;

关键词: Mexico;    People who use drugs;    Police officers;    Drug law enforcement;    Crackdown;    Involuntary drug treatment referral;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40352-020-00111-9

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background Homeless people who use drugs (PWUD) are often displaced, detained, and/or forced into drug treatment during police crackdowns. Such operations follow a zero-tolerance approach to law enforcement and have a deleterious impact on the health of PWUD. In Mexico, municipal police officers (MPOs) conducted the largest crackdown documented at the Tijuana River Canal (Tijuana Mejora) to dismantle an open drug market. We analyzed active-duty MPOs’ attitudes on the rationale, implementation, and outcomes of the crackdown. We also included the involvement of non-governmental allies in the disguised imprisonment as drug treatment referral and potential legal consequences of having illegally detained PWUD. Methods Between February–June 2016, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MPOs in Tijuana. Interviews were transcribed, translated and coded using a consensus-based approach. Emergent themes, trends and frameworks were analyzed through a hermeneutic grounded theory protocol. Results Participants recognized the limitations of Tijuana Mejora in effectively controlling crime and addressing drug treatment solutions. MPOs perceived that the intent of the operation was to displace and detain homeless PWUD, not to assist or rehabilitate them. The police operation was largely justified as a public safety measure to reduce the risk of injury due to flooding, decrease drug consumption among PWUD and protect local tourism from PWUD. Some participants perceived the crackdown as a successful public health and safety measure while others highlighted occupational risks to MPOs and potential human rights violations of PWUD. Conclusions Tijuana Mejora illustrated why public and private actors align in enforcing zero-tolerance drug policy. Perceptions of care are often based on captivity of the diseased, not in health and well-being of PWUD. Officer perceptions shed light on the many limitations of this punitive policing tool in this context. A shift towards evidence-based municipal strategies to address drug use, wherein police are perceived as partners in harm reduction rather than antagonists, is warranted.

【 授权许可】

Unknown