Dietary Habits and Risk of Early-Onset Dementia in an Italian Case-Control Study

Nutrients

Giulia Vinceti¹  Giovanna Zamboni¹  Caterina Garuti²  Marco Vinceti²  Giorgia Adani²  Marcella Malavolti²  Silvia Cilloni²  Tommaso Filippini²  Manuela Costa³  Chiara Galli⁴  Manuela Tondelli⁴  Annalisa Chiari⁴ 

[1] Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy;Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;Neurology Unit of Carpi Hospital, Modena Local Health Authority, 41012 Carpi, Italy;Neurology Unit, Modena Policlinico-University Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy;

关键词: early-onset dementia;    dietary habits;    MIND diet;    DASH diet;    Mediterranean diet;    risk;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu12123682

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Risk of early-onset dementia (EOD) might be modified by environmental factors and lifestyles, including diet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between dietary habits and EOD risk. We recruited 54 newly-diagnosed EOD patients in Modena (Northern Italy) and 54 caregivers as controls. We investigated dietary habits through a food frequency questionnaire, assessing both food intake and adherence to dietary patterns, namely the Greek-Mediterranean, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. We modeled the relation between dietary factors and risk using the restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Cereal intake showed a U-shaped relation with EOD, with risk increasing above 350 g/day. A high intake (>400 g/day) of dairy products was also associated with excess risk. Although overall fish and seafood consumption showed no association with EOD risk, we found a U-shaped relation with preserved/tinned fish, and an inverse relation with other fish. Similarly, vegetables (especially leafy) showed a strong inverse association above 100 g/day, as did citrus and dry fruits. Overall, sweet consumption was not associated with EOD risk, while dry cake and ice-cream showed a positive relation and chocolate products an inverse one. For beverages, we found no relation with EOD risk apart from a U-shaped relation for coffee consumption. Concerning dietary patterns, EOD risk linearly decreased with the increasing adherence to the MIND pattern. On the other hand, an inverse association for the Greek-Mediterranean and DASH diets emerged only at very high adherence levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the association between dietary factors and EOD risk, and suggests that adherence to the MIND dietary pattern may decrease such risk.

【 授权许可】

Unknown