Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (r, q)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers

Symmetry

Wedad Albalawi¹  Waqas Masood²  Samir A. El-Tantawy³  Sadah A. Alkhateeb⁴  Rabia Jahangir⁵ 

[1] Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11656, Saudi Arabia;Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42521, Egypt;Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia;National Centre for Physics (NCP), Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Shahdra Valley Road 2141, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;

关键词: non-Maxwellian plasmas;    Sagdeev potential;    a nonlinear Schrödinger equation;    unmodulated solitary waves;    rogue waves and breathers;   

DOI  :  10.3390/sym13112029

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The propagation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising $(r,q)$-distributed hot electrons, cold inertial electrons, and stationary positive ions, is investigated. Both the unmodulated and modulated EAWs, such as solitary waves, rogue waves (RWs), and breathers are discussed. The Sagdeev potential approach is employed to determine the existence domain of electron acoustic solitary structures and study the perfectly symmetric planar nonlinear unmodulated structures. Moreover, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived and its modulated solutions, including first order RWs (Peregrine soliton), higher-order RWs (super RWs), and breathers (Akhmediev breathers and Kuznetsov–Ma soliton) are presented. The effects of plasma parameters and, in particular, the effects of spectral indices r and q, of distribution functions on the characteristics of both unmodulated and modulated EAWs, are examined in detail. In a limited cases, the $(r,q)$ distribution is compared with Maxwellian and kappa distributions. The present investigation may be beneficial to comprehend and predict the modulated and unmodulated electron acoustic structures in laboratory and space plasmas.

【 授权许可】

Unknown