Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hand Sanitiser Production Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Bioethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Process

Applied Sciences

Penjit Srinophakun¹  Catia Angli Curie²  Muhammad Yusuf Arya Ramadhan²  Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap²  Misri Gozan²  Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan³ 

[1] Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia;Chemical Engineering Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung 35365, Indonesia;

关键词: bioethanol;    economic analysis;    hand sanitiser;    oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB);    simultaneous saccharification and fermentation;    SuperPro Designer®;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app10175987

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential raw material abundantly available for bioethanol production. However, the second-generation bioethanol is still not yet economically feasible. The COVID-19 pandemic increases the demand for ethanol as the primary ingredient of hand sanitisers. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of hand sanitiser production using OPEFB-based bioethanol. OPEFB was alkaline-pretreated, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was then performed by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulose enzyme. The cellulose content of the OPEFB increased from 39.30% to 63.97% after pretreatment. The kinetic parameters of the OPEFB SSF at 35 °C, which included a µmax, ks, and kd of 0.018 h^-1, 0.025 g/dm³, and 0.213 h^-1, respectively, were used as input in SuperPro Designer^® v9.0. The total capital investment (TCI) and annual operating costs (AOC) of the plant were $645,000 and $305,000, respectively, at the capacity of 2000 kg OPEFB per batch. The batch time of the modelled plant was 219 h, with a total annual production of 32,506.16 kg hand sanitiser. The minimum hand sanitiser selling price was found to be $10/L, achieving a positive net present value (NPV) of $108,000, showing that the plant is economically feasible.

【 授权许可】

Unknown