Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Molecules

Xiaohong Xue¹  Xiaoyang Song²  Hongliang Jia³  Xiaoting Chu³  Jingchuan Xue⁴  Feilong Li⁴  Yuxian Liu⁵  Wenbin Liu⁶  Dongping Fan⁷  Yaoming Su⁷  Hailei Su⁸ 

[1] College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, China;Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center, 678 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116026, China;International Joint Research Centre for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of P.R.C., No. 7, West Street, Yuancun, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510535, China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;

关键词: phthalate;    dietary intake;    DEHP;    DBP;    DIBP;    bottled drink;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules26196054

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Ubiquitous occurrences of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) or phthalates in a variety of consumer products have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, studies on their occurrence in various types of bottled drinks are limited. In this study, fifteen PAEs were analyzed in six categories of bottled drinks (n = 105) collected from the Chinese market, including mineral water, tea drinks, energy drinks, juice drinks, soft drinks, and beer. Among the 15 PAEs measured, DEHP was the most abundant phthalate with concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 41,000 ng/L at a detection rate (DR) of 96%, followed by DIBP (DR: 88%) and DBP (DR: 84%) with respective concentration ranges of below LOQ to 16,000 and to 4900 ng/L. At least one PAE was detected in each drink sample, and the sum concentrations of 15 PAEs ranged from 770 to 48,004 ng/L (median: 6286 ng/L). Significant differences with respect to both PAE concentrations and composition profiles were observed between different types of bottled drinks. The median sum concentration of 15 PAEs in soft drinks was over five times higher than that detected in mineral water; different from other drink types. Besides DEHP, DBIP, and DBP, a high concentration of BMEP was also detected in a tea drink. The estimated daily dietary intake of phthalates (EDI_drink) through the consumption of bottled drinks was calculated based on the concentrations measured and the daily ingestion rates of bottled drink items. The EDI_drink values for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BMEP, DAP, BEEP, BBP, DCP, DHP, BMPP, BBEP, DEHP, DOP, and DNP through the consumption of bottled mineral water (based on mean concentrations) were 0.45, 0.33, 12.5, 3.67, 2.10, 0.06, 0.32, 0.16, 0.10, 0.09, 0.05, 0.81, 112, 0.13, and 0.20 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively, for Chinese adults. Overall, the EDI_drink values calculated for phthalates through the consumption of bottled drinks were below the oral reference doses suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

【 授权许可】

Unknown