Hesperidin and hesperetin against heavy metal toxicity: Insight on the molecular mechanism of mitigation

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

Rituraj Chakraborty¹  Kaviyarasi Renu²  Anirban Goutam Mukherjee³  Haritha Myakala⁴  Harishkumar Madhyastha⁵  Mohamed El-Sherbiny⁶  Balachandar Vellingiri⁷  Mohamed Ahmed Eladl⁷  Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini⁷  Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari⁸  Ademola C. Famurewa⁹  Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan^1,10 

[1] Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College &Corresponding authors.;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077 Tamil Nadu, India;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India;Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O.Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria;Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India;

关键词: Hesperidin;    Hesperetin;    Heavy metal toxicity;    Oxidative stress;    Inflammation;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Toxic heavy metals (THMs) are non-essential hazardous environmental pollutants with intractable health challenges in humans and animals. Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) are ubiquitous and unavoidable due to food contamination, mining, and industrial mobilization. They are triggers of tissue impairment and aberrant signaling pathways that cascade into several toxicities and pathologies. Each of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ni, and Cr aggravate oxidative inflammation, protein dysregulation, apoptotic induction, DNA damage, endocrine deficits, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to the pathophysiology of diseases. Hesperidin (HSD) and hesperetin (HST) are flavonoids from citrus fruits, and systematic investigations suggest their potential to combat the molecular alterations and toxicities induced by THMs. They mitigate heavy metal toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects via scavenging free radicals and modulation of ATPases, cell cycle proteins, and various cellular signaling pathways, including Nrf2/HO-1/ARE, PI3K/mTOR/Akt, MAPK/caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, iNOS/NF-κB/TNF-α/COX-2. This review summarized the mechanistic effects of heavy metal toxicity and the insights on molecular mechanisms underlying mitigation of heavy metal toxicity by HSD and HST. Hesperidin and hesperetin are potential flavonoids for the modulation of pathological signaling networks associated with THMs. Therefore, HSD and HST can be suggested as natural dietary agents and blockers of harmful effects of THMs.

【 授权许可】

Unknown