Hypokalemia: a clinical update

Endocrine Connections

Efstratios Kardalas¹  Andromachi Vryonidou²  Stavroula A Paschou³  Giovanna Muscogiuri⁴  Gerasimos Siasos⁵  Panagiotis Anagnostis⁶ 

[1] Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece;Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece;Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ‘Federico II’ University of Naples, Naples, Italy;First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;

关键词: hypokalemia;    potassium;    electrolytes;    acid–base status;    adrenal;    kidneys;   

DOI  :  10.1530/EC-18-0109

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance, especially in hospitalized patients. It can have various causes, including endocrine ones. Sometimes, hypokalemia requires urgent medical attention. The aim of this review is to present updated information regarding: (1) the definition and prevalence of hypokalemia, (2) the physiology of potassium homeostasis, (3) the various causes leading to hypokalemia, (4) the diagnostic steps for the assessment of hypokalemia and (5) the appropriate treatment of hypokalemia depending on the cause. Practical algorithms for the optimal diagnostic, treatment and follow-up strategy are presented, while an individualized approach is emphasized.

【 授权许可】

Unknown