SEASTAR: A Mission to Study Ocean Submesoscale Dynamics and Small-Scale Atmosphere-Ocean Processes in Coastal, Shelf and Polar Seas

Frontiers in Marine Science

David Griffin¹  Peter Jan Van Leeuwen²  Ananda Pascual³  Matthew Martin⁴  Andrew Saulter⁴  John Siddorn⁴  Jeff Polton⁵  Judith Wolf⁵  Lucy Bricheno⁵  Paco Lopez-Dekker⁶  Xavier Capet⁷  Harald Johnsen⁸  Alberto Naveira-Garabato⁹  Tom Rippeth^1,10  Bill Emery^1,11  Per Knudsen^1,12  Ole Andersen^1,12  Johannes Gemmrich^1,13  Alexander Soloviev^1,14  Daniele Hauser^1,15  Lars Stenseng^1,16  Ad Stoffelen^1,17  Nikolai Maximenko^1,18  Gregg A. Jacobs^1,19  Amala Mahadevan^2,20  Sam Doody^2,21  Yvonne Munro^2,21  Geoff Burbidge^2,21  Jose Marquez^2,21  Neil Stapleton^2,22  Roland Romeiser^2,23  Hans Graber^2,23  Rosemary Morrow^2,24  Fabrice Collard^2,25  William Perrie^2,26  Aida Alvera Azcarate^2,27  Lotfi Aouf^2,28  Steve Groom^2,29  Chris W. Hughes^3,30  Nelson Violante-Carvalho^3,32  Vladimir Kudryavtsev^3,33  Doug Vandemark^3,34  John Wilkin^3,35  Øyvind Breivik^3,36  Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth^3,37  Jose da Silva^3,38  Lee-Lueng Fu^3,39  David Woolf^4,40  Victor Navarro^4,41  Alex Babanin^4,42  Jordi Isern-Fontanet^4,44  Johnny A. Johannessen^4,45  Francisco Ocampo-Torres^4,46  Francois Soulat^4,47  Clément Ubelmann^4,47  Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli^4,48  Baylor Fox-Kemper^4,49  Leif Eriksson^5,50  Patrice Klein^5,51  Bertrand Chapron^5,51  Fabrice Ardhuin^5,51  Alexis Mouche^5,51  Christian Buckingham^5,52  Adrien C. H. Martin^5,53  Christine Gommenginger^5,53  George Nurser^5,53  Yevgeny Aksenov^5,53  Adrian P. Martin^5,53  Joel Hirschi^5,53  Andy Hogg^5,54 

[1] 0Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia;0Department of Meteorology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States;0Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, Esporles, Spain;0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom;0National Oceanography Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;1Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;1Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, Paris, France;1Northern Research Institute, Tromsø, Norway;1Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;1School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom;2Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States;2Department of Geodesy, DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;2Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada;2Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States;2Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Guyancourt, France;3Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;3Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, Netherlands;3School of Ocean and Earth Science an Technology, International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States;3United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States;3Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States;4Airbus Defence and Space Ltd., Portsmouth, United Kingdom;4Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, United Kingdom;4Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States;4Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France;4OceanDataLab, Brest, France;5Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada;5GeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium;5Météo-France, Toulouse, France;5Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom;6Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;6Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway;6Program of Ocean Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;6Satellite Oceanography Laboratory, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;7College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States;7Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States;7Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;7Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht – Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany;8Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;8NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Cañada Flintridge, CA, United States;8School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;8Starlab, Barcelona, Spain;9Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia;9Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;9Institut de Ciencies del Mar, Barcelona, Spain;9Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway;Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico;Collecte Localisation Satellites, Toulouse, France;Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy;Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States;Department of Space Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France;Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Brest, France;National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom;Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia;

关键词: satellite;    air sea interactions;    upper ocean dynamics;    submesoscale;    coastal;    marginal ice zone;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2019.00457

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

High-resolution satellite images of ocean color and sea surface temperature reveal an abundance of ocean fronts, vortices and filaments at scales below 10 km but measurements of ocean surface dynamics at these scales are rare. There is increasing recognition of the role played by small scale ocean processes in ocean-atmosphere coupling, upper-ocean mixing and ocean vertical transports, with advanced numerical models and in situ observations highlighting fundamental changes in dynamics when scales reach 1 km. Numerous scientific publications highlight the global impact of small oceanic scales on marine ecosystems, operational forecasts and long-term climate projections through strong ageostrophic circulations, large vertical ocean velocities and mixed layer re-stratification. Small-scale processes particularly dominate in coastal, shelf and polar seas where they mediate important exchanges between land, ocean, atmosphere and the cryosphere, e.g., freshwater, pollutants. As numerical models continue to evolve toward finer spatial resolution and increasingly complex coupled atmosphere-wave-ice-ocean systems, modern observing capability lags behind, unable to deliver the high-resolution synoptic measurements of total currents, wind vectors and waves needed to advance understanding, develop better parameterizations and improve model validations, forecasts and projections. SEASTAR is a satellite mission concept that proposes to directly address this critical observational gap with synoptic two-dimensional imaging of total ocean surface current vectors and wind vectors at 1 km resolution and coincident directional wave spectra. Based on major recent advances in squinted along-track Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry, SEASTAR is an innovative, mature concept with unique demonstrated capabilities, seeking to proceed toward spaceborne implementation within Europe and beyond.

【 授权许可】

Unknown