What Is the Structure of Time? A Study on Time Perspective in the United States, Poland, and Nigeria

Frontiers in Psychology

Philip Zimbardo¹  Tomasz Jankowski²  Aneta Przepiorka²  Ike Oinyshi³  Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska⁴  Piotr Sorokowski⁴ 

[1] Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;Department of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland;Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria;Department of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland;

关键词: time perspective;    factor structure;    ZTPI;    past;    present;    future;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02078

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The aim of this article was to analyze the fit of the model of time perspective, measured by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI; Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999), to data collected in three countries: the United States (N = 283), Poland (N = 510), and Nigeria (N = 357). Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, an expected parameter change and parallel analysis were used. The best-fitted model of time perspective was the one in the United States, and the least fitted model was the one in Nigeria. Possible sources of misspecifications in the model of time perspective were discussed. We also present an analysis of the fit of the four-factor model of time perspective. The four-factor model was very well fitted in the United States and in Poland. Results were discussed in the context of clock time and event time theory.

【 授权许可】

Unknown