From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Frontiers in Marine Science

Giovanni Coppini¹  Emanuela Clementi¹  Nadia Pinardi¹  Jenny Pistoia¹  Stefania A. Ciliberti¹  Benedicte Lemieux-Dudon¹  Simona Masina¹  Leonardo Lima¹  Robert King²  Rebecca Reid²  John Siddorn²  Anne Christine Pequignet²  Marina Tonani²  Chongyuan Mao²  Susan Kay²  Chris Harris²  Matthew J. Martin²  Fabrice Hernandez³  Hervé Claustre⁴  Juha Karvonen⁵  Gianpiero Cossarini⁶  Gerald Dibarboure⁷  Ananda Pascual⁸  Atanas Palazov⁹  Frode Dinessen^1,10  Thomas Lavergne^1,10  Cecilie Wettre^1,10  Marie Isabelle Pujol^1,11  Yannice Faugere^1,11  Stephanie Guinehut^1,11  Elisaveta Peneva^1,12  Vicente Fernández^1,13  Glenn Nolan^1,13  Anna Zacharioudaki^1,14  Andrew Fleming^1,15  Marion Gehlen^1,16  Luc Vandenbulcke^1,17  Marilaure L. Gregoire^1,17  Jun She^1,18  Jacob Hoyer^1,18  Matilde Brandt Kreiner^1,18  Jørgen B. Hinkler^1,18  Arno Behrens^1,19  Joanna Staneva^1,19  Jean Francois Piolle^2,20  Loic Petit de la Villeon^2,20  Abderrahim Bentamy^2,20  Thierry Carval^2,20  Sylvie Pouliquen^2,20  Andrea Pisano^2,21  Vittorio Ernesto Brando^2,21  Gianluca Volpe^2,21  Rosalia Santoleri^2,21  Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli^2,21  Florent Gasparin^2,22  Pierre Yves Le Traon^2,22  Anne Delamarche^2,22  Yann Drillet^2,22  Antonio Reppucci^2,22  Gilles Garric^2,22  Elisabeth Remy^2,22  Cedric Giordan^2,22  Karina von Schuckmann^2,22  M. Isabel Garcia-Hermosa^2,22  Mathieu Hamon^2,22  Angelique Melet^2,22  Marie Drevillon^2,22  Mounir Benkiran^2,22  Lotfi Aouf^2,23  Laurent Bertino^2,24  Begoña Pérez Gómez^2,25  Enrique Alvarez Fanjul^2,25  Marta De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro^2,25  Marcos García Sotillo^2,25  Maria Belmonte^2,26  Ad Stoffelen^2,26 

[1] 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy;0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom;1IRD/Legos, Toulouse, France;1LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France;2Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland;2National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy;3Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France;3Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Esporles, Spain;4Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IOBAS), Varna, Bulgaria;4Met.No, Oslo, Norway;5Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France;5Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria;6EuroGOOS, Brussels, Belgium;6Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Athens, Greece;7British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Cambridge, United Kingdom;8LSCE/IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;9Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium;Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhaguen, Denmark;Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG), Hamburg, Germany;Ifremer, Brest, France;Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy;Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France;Meteo France, Toulouse, France;Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Bergen, Norway;Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain;Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, Netherlands;

关键词: ocean;    observing systems;    satellite;    in situ;    data assimilation;    services;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2019.00234

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

【 授权许可】

Unknown