Chemical Characterization of PM2.5 at Rural and Urban Sites around the Metropolitan Area of Huancayo (Central Andes of Peru)

Atmosphere

Adriana Gioda¹  José Pomalaya²  Yessica Bendezu Roca²  Alex Huamán De La Cruz²  Daniel Alvarez Tolentino³  Luis Suarez-Salas³ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil;Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP), Av. Mariscal Ramón Castilla N° 3909, El Tambo, Huancayo 12000, Peru;Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Calle Badajoz 169, Ate, Lima 15498, Peru;

关键词: PM2.5;    trace elements;    water-soluble ions;    HCA;    PCA;   

DOI  :  10.3390/atmos10010021

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The purpose of this study was to determine PM2.5 mass concentration and the contents of trace elements and water-soluble ions in samples collected inside the Metropolitan area of Huancayo. Four monitoring stations were installed at three urban areas (UNCP, HYO, and CHI) and one rural (IGP). The sampling campaign was carried out from March 2017 to November 2017. The PM2.5 content was determined by gravimetric method, and fifteen trace elements (TE) and seven water-soluble ions were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), and ion chromatography (IC), respectively. Datasets were assessed by one ANOVA test to detect significant differences among monitoring station. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for source identification. The mean annual concentration of PM2.5 mass concentrations has ranged (average) from 3.4 to 36.8 µg/m3 (16.6 ± 6.8 µg/m3) for the monitoring stations under study. The annual World Health Organization thresholds and national air quality standards were exceeded. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between most trace elements at urban and rural areas. PCA and HCA illustrated that the most important sources of traces element originated of natural origin (soil re-suspension) and vehicular sources (fuel combustion, abrasion of vehicles tires, wear car components).

【 授权许可】

Unknown