Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Qinling Zhong¹  Zhixiang Chen¹  Cheng Zhu¹  Hongliang Hu¹  Baofang Fan² 

[1] College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;

关键词: salicylic acid;    plant immunity;    salicylic acid biosynthesis;    defense–growth tradeoff;    auxin;    defense response;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms222111672

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies suggested that plants synthesize SA from cinnamate produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), genetic analysis has indicated that in Arabidopsis, the bulk of SA is synthesized from isochorismate (IC) produced by IC synthase (ICS). Recent studies have further established the enzymes responsible for the conversion of IC to SA in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether other plants also rely on the ICS pathway for SA biosynthesis. SA induces defense genes against biotrophic pathogens, but represses genes involved in growth for balancing defense and growth to a great extent through crosstalk with the growth-promoting plant hormone auxin. Important progress has been made recently in understanding how SA attenuates plant growth by regulating the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of auxin. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the biosynthesis and the broad roles of SA in regulating plant growth during defense responses. Further understanding of SA production and its regulation of both defense and growth will be critical for developing better knowledge to improve the disease resistance and fitness of crops.

【 授权许可】

Unknown