Determination of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone (NNK) arising from tobacco smoke in airborne particulate matter

Environment International

Roy M. Harrison¹  Christopher M. Havel²  Noel J. Aquilina³  Neal L. Benowitz⁴  Kin-Fai Ho⁵  Peyton Jacob III⁶ 

[1] Corresponding author.;Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States;Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta;Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States;The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;

关键词: Tobacco Smoke;    Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines;    NNK;    Particulate Matter;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The most important tobacco-specific nitrosamine found in cigarette smoke and formed in ageing smoke after cigarettes are extinguished is 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). It is formed from nitrosation of nicotine, under particular conditions both in indoor and outdoor environments. NNK has been classified as a potent lung carcinogen which is expected to be found primarily in the particle-phase and to be stable in particulate matter. In this study tests have been carried out to show that a bisulfate-treated filter is more efficient than an untreated filter to collect both nicotine and NNK, and that the latter is stable in outdoor particulate matter. To characterize NNK in the outdoor environment, airborne samples were collected from 11 cities in USA, UK, Hong Kong and Malta with characteristics varying from low to high population densities and from urban to suburban to rural, and with desert characteristics and distinct climates. It has been shown that airborne particle + gas phase nicotine and particle-phase NNK behave in a linearly correlated manner. A seasonal analysis was carried out on a subset of data available from five sites in California, where the load of NNK in PM10 is driven by long range transport of the air masses passing over densely populated cities. In the winter season, the load of NNK in PM is higher than in summer in a statistically significant manner. The contamination of PM with NNK shows variability, but is observed at all sites. This paper highlights the potential risk of chronic exposure to NNK in particulate matter by the inhalation pathway.

【 授权许可】

Unknown