Gut and Reproductive Tract Microbiota Adaptation during Pregnancy: New Insights for Pregnancy-Related Complications and Therapy

Microorganisms

Marco Cintoni¹  Irene Mignini²  MartinaDe Siena²  Tommaso Schepis²  MariaValeria Matteo²  Lucrezia Laterza²  Gianluca Ianiro²  Gianenrico Rizzatti²  Antonio Gasbarrini²  Emanuele Rinninella³ 

[1] Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza Dell’Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;

关键词: microbiota;    pregnancy;    vaginal microbiota;    endometrial microbiota;    placental microbiota;    preterm birth;   

DOI  :  10.3390/microorganisms9030473

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Pregnancy is characterized by maternal adaptations that are necessary to create a welcoming and hospitable environment for the fetus. Studies have highlighted how the microbiota modulates several networks in humans through complex molecular interactions and how dysbiosis (defined as quantitative and qualitative alterations of the microbiota communities) is related to human pathologies including gynecological diseases. This review analyzed how maternal uterine, vaginal, and gut microbiomes could impact on fetus health during the gestational period. We evaluated the role of a dysbiotic microbiota in preterm birth, chorioamnionitis, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. For many years it has been hypothesized that newborns were sterile organisms but in the past few years this paradigm has been questioned through the demonstration of the presence of microbes in the placenta and meconium. In the future, we should go deeper into the concept of in utero colonization to better understand the role of microbiota through the phases of pregnancy. Numerous studies in the literature have already showed interesting results regarding the role of microbiota in pregnancy. This evidence gives us the hope that microbiota modulation could be a novel strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to pregnancy complications in the future.

【 授权许可】

Unknown