Spatial and Temporal Changes in Surface Water Area of Sri Lanka over a 30-Year Period

Remote Sensing

Sisira Ediriweera¹  Fangfang Zhang²  Bing Zhang²  Junsheng Li²  Shenglei Wang²  Deepakrishna Somasundaram² 

[1] Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka;Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;

关键词: inland water area;    Landsat time-series;    surface water change;    spatiotemporal dynamics;    spatial and temporal change;    Sri Lanka;   

DOI  :  10.3390/rs12223701

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Sri Lanka contains a large number of natural and man-made water bodies, which play an essential role in irrigation and domestic use. The island has recently been identified as a global hotspot of climate change extremes. However, the extent, spatial distribution, and the impact of climate and anthropogenic activities on these water bodies have remained unknown. We investigated the distribution, spatial and temporal changes, and the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on water dynamics in Dry, Intermediate, and Wet zones of the island. We used Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images to generate per-pixel seasonal and annual water occurrence frequency maps for the period of 1988–2019. The results of the study demonstrated high inter- and intra-annual variations in water with a rapid increase. Further, results showed strong zonal differences in water dynamics, with most dramatic variations in the Dry zone. Our results revealed that 1607.73 km² of the land area of the island is covered by water bodies, among this 882.01 km² (54.86%) is permanent and 725.72 km² (45.14%) is seasonal water area. Total inland seasonal water increased with a dramatic annual growth rate of 7.06 ± 1.97 km² compared to that of permanent water (4.47 ± 2.08 km²/year). Sri Lanka has the highest permanent water area during December–February (1045.97 km²), and drops to the lowest in May–September (761.92 km²) when the seasonal water (846.46 km²) is higher than permanent water. The surface water area was positively related to both precipitation and Gross Domestic Product, while negatively related to the temperature. Findings of our study provide important insights into possible spatiotemporal changes in surface water availability in Sri Lanka under certain climate change and anthropogenic activities.

【 授权许可】

Unknown