Restless Legs Syndrome Prevalence and Clinical Correlates Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Multicenter Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry

Claudia Schilling¹  Heidi Danker-Hopfe²  Lukas Frase³  Anna Hansel³  Kneginja Richter⁴  Diana Nemeth⁴  Nicole Mauche⁵  Ezgi Dogan-Sander⁶  Thomas C. Wetter⁷  Franziska C. Weber⁷  Christian Mikutta⁸  Martina Sebestova⁸  Christoph Nissen⁹  Marian M. Spath⁹ 

[1] Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany;Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Center of Sleep Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg – Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland;University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;

关键词: restless legs syndrome;    RLS;    prevalence;    psychiatric disorders;    sleep quality;    multicenter study;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846165

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThere are only limited reports on the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates in psychiatric inpatients in Germany and Switzerland.MethodsThis is a multicenter cross-sectional study of psychiatric inpatients with an age above 18 years that were diagnosed and evaluated face-to-face using the International RLS Study Group criteria (IRLSSG) and the International RLS severity scale (IRLS). In addition to sociodemographic and biometric data, sleep quality and mood were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). In addition to univariate statistics used to describe and statistically analyze differences in variables of interest between patients with and without RLS, a logistic model was employed to identify predictors for the occurrence of RLS.ResultsThe prevalence of RLS in a sample of 317 psychiatric inpatients was 16.4%, and 76.9% of these were diagnosed with RLS for the first time. RLS severity was moderate to severe (IRLS ± SD: 20.3 ± 8.4). The prevalences in women (p = 0.0036) and in first-degree relatives with RLS (p = 0.0108) as well as the body mass index (BMI, p = 0.0161) were significantly higher among patients with RLS, while alcohol consumption was significantly lower in the RLS group. With the exception of atypical antipsychotics, treatment with psychotropic drugs was not associated with RLS symptoms. Regarding subjective sleep quality and mood, scores of the PSQI (p = 0.0007), ISI (p = 0.0003), and ESS (p = 0.0005) were higher in patients with RLS, while PHQ-9 scores were not different. A logistic regression analysis identified gender (OR 2.67; 95% CI [1.25; 5.72]), first-degree relatives with RLS (OR 3.29; 95% CI [1.11; 9.73], ESS score (OR 1.09; 95% CI [1.01; 1.17]), and rare alcohol consumption (OR 0.45; 95% CI [0.22; 0.94] as predictors for RLS.ConclusionsClinically significant RLS had a high prevalence in psychiatric patients. RLS was associated with higher BMI, impaired sleep quality, and lower alcohol consumption. A systematic assessment of restless legs symptoms might contribute to improve the treatment of psychiatric patients.

【 授权许可】

Unknown