Friedrich Nietzsche à Bayreuth

Methodos

关键词: Nietzsche;    Wagner;    event;    history;    dialectic;    case;   

DOI  :  10.4000/methodos.4758

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Supporting the first Bayreuth Festival, organized by Richard Wagner, in 1876, his friend and ally, Friedrich Nietzsche presents the notion of event as a dialectic in the fourth Untimely Meditation. Precisely, in Richard Wagner in Bayreuth, an event can be described as an historical case which expresses the greatness of both the man who creates it and the people who constitute its audience. Moreover, criticising a traditional approach to the study of culture as a social whole which includes knowledge, belief and art, Nietzsche interprets its underlying values in terms of forces and through the concept of "will to power". As a first statement, and pursuing The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music, written in 1872, Nietzsche sees the Bayreuth Festival as the rebirth of tragedy which can transcend the nihilism of european culture. Nevertheless, charmed at the beginning by the breadth of the event, the festival becomes afterwards the place of a transvaluation from which Nietzsche, as a human living, emerges afflicted but "greater". Then, if the event of Bayreuth appears "great", it is not so much because of the will of Wagner but also the will of Nietzsche, both of them initially entwined and analogous but finally separate and different. So, when Nietzsche takes distance from Wagner, the event becomes "decadent" and the symptom of a fall which corresponds precisely to the values of his time. Just after the festival, and Human, All Too Human, in 1878, expresses this change, Nietzsche transforms then this event into the "case" of a critical history. This history, as defined in the second Untimely Meditation written in 1874, On the Use and Abuse of History for Life, helps us to understand that, if the task of the historian consists of recounting an event, he must have first experienced it through suffering and deliverance. Life, drowned in an "eternal-return" and the true origin of culture, is ultimately the condition of a reinterpretation which transforms an event into history.

【 授权许可】

Unknown