Patterns of Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Dementia Biomarkers in People Living with HIV: Cross-Sectional Study on Associated Factors According to Viral Control, Neurological Confounders and Neurocognition

Viruses

Marta Pasquero¹  Andrea Calcagno¹  Mattia Trunfio¹  Alessandro Di Stefano¹  Giovanni Di Perri¹  Stefano Bonora¹  Marco Nigra²  Daniele Imperiale³  Daniela Vai³  Cristiana Atzori³ 

[1] Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin at Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy;Laboratory Medicine, Maria Vittoria Hospital, 10144 Torino, Italy;Neurology Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, 10144 Torino, Italy;

关键词: HIV;    Alzheimer’s dementia;    cerebrospinal fluid;    biomarkers;    beta amyloid;    tau;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v14040753

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

People living with HIV (PLWH) age with an excess burden of comorbidities that may increase the incidence of age-related complications. There is controversy surrounding the hypothesis that HIV can accelerate neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). We performed a retrospective study to analyze the distribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers (beta amyloid 1–42 fragment, tau, and phosphorylated tau) in adult PLWH (on cART with undetectable viremia, n = 136, with detectable viremia, n = 121, and with central nervous system CNS disorders regardless of viremia, n = 72) who underwent a lumbar puncture between 2008 to 2018; HIV-negative controls with AD were included (n = 84). Five subjects (1.5%) presented CSF biomarkers that were compatible with AD: one was diagnosed with AD, whereas the others showed HIV encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and neurotoxoplasmosis. Regardless of confounders, 79.6% of study participants presented normal CSF AD biomarkers. Isolated abnormalities in CSF beta amyloid 1–42 (7.9%) and tau (10.9%) were associated with age, biomarkers of intrathecal injury, and inflammation, although no HIV-specific feature was associated with abnormal CSF patterns. CSF levels of AD biomarkers very poorly overlapped between HIV-positive clinical categories and AD controls. Despite the correlations with neurocognitive performance, the inter-relationship between amyloid and tau proteins in PLWH seem to differ from that observed in AD subjects; the main driver of the isolated increase in tau seems represented by non-specific CNS inflammation, whereas the mechanisms underlying isolated amyloid consumption remain unclear.

【 授权许可】

Unknown