Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional Value, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cancer, and Anti-Bacterial Assessment of Aqueous Extract from Abelmoschus esculentus Pods

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Mohd Saeed¹  Ali G. Alkhathami²  Mohammed Asiri²  Irfan Ahmad²  Yasser Alraey²  Mohammad Y. Alshahrani²  Ambreen Shoaib³  Shazia Mansoor⁴  Abu Baker⁵  Salman Khan⁵  Zeeshan Rafi⁵  Ali Hakamy⁶ 

[1] Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia;Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;Department of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal 462001, India;Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Lab-6 (IIRC), Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;

关键词: Abelmoschus esculentus;    okra;    phytochemicals;    nutraceutical;    antimicrobial activity;    carotenoids;   

DOI  :  10.3390/pr10020183

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Known for its high nutritional and medicinal value, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is commonly used for replacing plasma and expanding blood volume in humans. It is a major economic crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate and evaluate the nutritional properties and prospective applications of the consumable parts of okra. The total ash content (mineral content), carbohydrate, crude fiber, fat, protein, and moisture fractions of okra pod aqueous extract were determined. The results show that okra aqueous extract contained 84.670–87.650% moisture, 1.514–1.197% ash, 7.857–8.261% carbohydrate, 2.367–3.410% crude protein, and 6.781–8.314% crude fiber. Okra was determined to have high nutritional value, with γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol contents about 2.67 mg/100 g and 1.62 mg/100 g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to determine the sugars present in okra aqueous extract. The water-soluble polysaccharide content was 10.22–16.45 g/100 g. The tested aqueous extract was a rich source of total phenolic compounds in gallic acid equivalents (288.2–3426.2 mg/100 g), chlorophyll a (3.53 mg/100), chlorophyll b (2.43 mg/100), and carotenoids (1.3 mg/100 g). The detected minerals were Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, K, Na, and Mn. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of these ashed minerals was performed. In addition to the nutritional benefits, okra pods exhibited antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract was found to be potentially active against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC value = 21.8 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC value = 18.7 mg/mL), Bacillus cereus (MIC value = 20.7 mg/mL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC value = 20.2 mg/mL). Okra aqueous extract exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 120 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 115 µg/mL). The okra extract exhibited high anticancer activity, concentration-dependent and with an IC₅₀ value of about 158.3 mg/mL. The results indicated that okra pods have nutritional and medicinal properties and, hence, can be used as a functional food and broad-spectrum nutraceutical supplement.

【 授权许可】

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