Analytical and Computational Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges in Marine Organic Biogeochemistry in an Era of “Omics”

Frontiers in Marine Science

Elizabeth Kujawinski¹  Helena Osterholz²  Darci Rush³  Michael Seidel⁴  Stuart G. Wakeham⁵  Stephanie Kusch⁶  Valier Galy⁷  Kai-Uwe Hinrichs⁸  Zhanfei Liu⁸  Andrew D. Steen⁹  Hussain A. Abdulla^1,10  James M. Fulton^1,11  Sarah Coffinet^1,12  Julio Sepúlveda^1,12  Thorsten Dittmar^1,12  Nevenka Cakić^1,13  Anitra E. Ingalls^1,14  Boris P. Koch^1,15 

[1] 0Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany;1Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States;2Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany;3Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Netherlands;4Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States;CologneAMS, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany;Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States;Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States;Department of Microbiology and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States;;Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States;MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;

关键词: chemometrics;    natural marine organic matter;    FT-ICR-MS;    analytical challenges;    HR-NMR;    marine organic biogeochemistry;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2020.00718

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Advances in sampling tools, analytical methods, and data handling capabilities have been fundamental to the growth of marine organic biogeochemistry over the past four decades. There has always been a strong feedback between analytical advances and scientific advances. However, whereas advances in analytical technology were often the driving force that made possible progress in elucidating the sources and fate of organic matter in the ocean in the first decades of marine organic biogeochemistry, today process-based scientific questions should drive analytical developments. Several paradigm shifts and challenges for the future are related to the intersection between analytical progress and scientific evolution. Untargeted “molecular headhunting” for its own sake is now being subsumed into process-driven targeted investigations that ask new questions and thus require new analytical capabilities. However, there are still major gaps in characterizing the chemical composition and biochemical behavior of macromolecules, as well as in generating reference standards for relevant types of organic matter. Field-based measurements are now routinely complemented by controlled laboratory experiments and in situ rate measurements of key biogeochemical processes. And finally, the multidisciplinary investigations that are becoming more common generate large and diverse datasets, requiring innovative computational tools to integrate often disparate data sets, including better global coverage and mapping. Here, we compile examples of developments in analytical methods that have enabled transformative scientific advances since 2004, and we project some challenges and opportunities in the near future. We believe that addressing these challenges and capitalizing on these opportunities will ensure continued progress in understanding the cycling of organic carbon in the ocean.

【 授权许可】

Unknown