A Model of TMS-induced I-waves in Motor Cortex

Brain Stimulation

Max Murakami¹  Ulf Ziemann²  Jochen Triesch³  Cătălin V. Rusu³ 

[1] Center for Cognitive and Neural Studies (Coneural), Romanian Institute of Science and Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;Department of Computer Science, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;

关键词: Transcranial stimulation;    Motor cortex;    I-waves;    Computational model;    Neuron;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows to manipulate neural activity non-invasively, and much research is trying to exploit this ability in clinical and basic research settings. In a standard TMS paradigm, single-pulse stimulation over motor cortex produces repetitive responses in descending motor pathways called I-waves. However, the details of how TMS induces neural activity patterns in cortical circuits to produce these responses remain poorly understood. According to a traditional view, I-waves are due to repetitive synaptic inputs to pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (L5) of motor cortex, but the potential origin of such repetitive inputs is unclear. Objective/hypothesis: Here we aim to test the plausibility of an alternative mechanism behind D- and I-wave generation through computational modeling. This mechanism relies on the broad distribution of conduction delays of synaptic inputs arriving at different parts of L5 cells' dendritic trees and their spike generation mechanism. Methods: Our model consists of a detailed L5 pyramidal cell and a population of layer 2 and 3 (L2/3) neurons projecting onto it with synapses exhibiting short-term depression. I-waves are simulated as superpositions of spike trains from a large population of L5 cells. Results: Our model successfully reproduces all basic characteristics of I-waves observed in epidural responses during in vivo recordings of conscious humans. In addition, it shows how the complex morphology of L5 neurons might play an important role in the generation of I-waves. In the model, later I-waves are formed due to inputs to distal synapses, while earlier ones are driven by synapses closer to the soma. Finally, the model offers an explanation for the inhibition and facilitation effects in paired-pulse stimulation protocols. Conclusions: In contrast to previous models, which required either neural oscillators or chains of inhibitory interneurons acting upon L5 cells, our model is fully feed-forward without lateral connections or loops. It parsimoniously explains findings from a range of experiments and should be considered as a viable alternative explanation of the generating mechanism of I-waves.

【 授权许可】

Unknown