Effect of Surface Treatment of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) on the Kinetics of Epoxy Resin Cure with Amines

Polymers

MohammadReza Ganjali¹  Maryam Jouyandeh¹  SeyedMohammad Reza Paran¹  Sajjad Habibzadeh²  Ahmad Mohaddespour³  Amin Esmaeili⁴  Zahed Ahmadi⁵  Hossein Abdollahi⁶  Krzysztof Formela⁷  Vahideh Akbari⁸  MohammadReza Saeb⁸  Henri Vahabi⁹ 

[1] Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran;Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 1591634311, Iran;Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of Middle East, Egaila 15453, Kuwait;Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, College of the North Atlantic–Qatar, 24449 Arab League St, Doha 24449, Qatar;Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818-165, Iran;Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80–233 Gdańsk, Poland;Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box: 16765-654, Iran;Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;

关键词: cure kinetics;    halloysite nanotubes;    epoxy;    isoconversional method;   

DOI  :  10.3390/polym12040930

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The epoxy/clay nanocomposites have been extensively considered over years because of their low cost and excellent performance. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are unique 1D natural nanofillers with a hollow tubular shape and high aspect ratio. To tackle poor dispersion of the pristine halloysite (P-HNT) in the epoxy matrix, alkali surface-treated HNT (A-HNT) and epoxy silane functionalized HNT (F-HNT) were developed and cured with epoxy resin. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed on epoxy nanocomposites containing 0.1 wt.% of P-HNT, A-HNT, and F-HNT. Quantitative analysis of the cure kinetics of epoxy/amine system made by isoconversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Friedman methods made possible calculation of the activation energy (E_α) as a function of conversion (α). The activation energy gradually increased by increasing α due to the diffusion-control mechanism. However, the average value of E_α for nanocomposites was lower comparably, suggesting autocatalytic curing mechanism. Detailed assessment revealed that autocatalytic reaction degree, m increased at low heating rate from 0.107 for neat epoxy/amine system to 0.908 and 0.24 for epoxy/P-HNT and epoxy/A-HNT nanocomposites, respectively, whereas epoxy/F-HNT system had m value of 0.072 as a signature of dominance of non-catalytic reactions. At high heating rates, a similar behavior but not that significant was observed due to the accelerated gelation in the system. In fact, by the introduction of nanotubes the mobility of curing moieties decreased resulting in some deviation of experimental cure rate values from the predicted values obtained using KAS and Friedman methods.

【 授权许可】

Unknown