β-Cell Maturation and Identity in Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Aimée Bastidas-Ponce¹  Marta Tarquis-Medina¹  Perla Cota¹  Ciro Salinno¹  Mostafa Bakhti¹  Heiko Lickert¹ 

[1] Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;

关键词: β-cell;    maturation;    postnatal;    identity;    dysfunction;    dedifferentiation;    transdifferentiation;    senescence;    sc-β-cells;    diabetes;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms20215417

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The exponential increase of patients with diabetes mellitus urges for novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the socioeconomic burden of this disease. The loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells, in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively, put these cells at the center of the disease initiation and progression. Therefore, major efforts have been taken to restore the β-cell mass by cell-replacement or regeneration approaches. Implementing novel therapies requires deciphering the developmental mechanisms that generate β-cells and determine the acquisition of their physiological phenotype. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the postnatal maturation of β-cells and define their functional identity. Furthermore, we discuss different routes by which β-cells lose their features and functionality in type 1 and 2 diabetic conditions. We then focus on potential mechanisms to restore the functionality of those β-cell populations that have lost their functional phenotype. Finally, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges facing the generation of functional mature β-cells from stem cells for cell-replacement therapy for diabetes treatment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown