Powertrain Optimization for Electric Buses under Optimal Energy-Efficient Driving

Energies

Alexander Koch¹  Markus Lienkamp¹  Svenja Kalt¹  Olaf Teichert²  Aybike Ongel² 

[1] Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;TUMCREATE Ltd., Singapore 138602, Singapore;

关键词: energy-efficient driving;    eco-driving;    speed profile optimization;    powertrain optimization;    dynamic programming;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en13236451

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

State of the art powertrain optimization compares the energy consumption of different powertrain configurations based on simulations with fixed driving cycles. However, this approach might not be applicable to future vehicles, since speed advisory systems and automated driving functions offer the potential to adapt the speed profile to minimize energy consumption. This study aims to investigate the potential of powertrain optimization with respect to energy consumption under optimal energy-efficient driving for electric buses. The optimal powertrain configurations of the buses under energy-efficient driving and their respective energy consumptions are obtained using powertrain-specific optimized driving cycles and compared with those of human-driven unconnected buses and buses with non-powertrain-specific optimal speed profiles. Based on the results, new trends in the powertrain design of vehicles under energy-efficient driving are derived. The optimized driving cycles are calculated using a dynamic programming approach. The evaluations were based on the fact that the buses under energy-efficient driving operate in dedicated lanes with vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication while the unconnected buses operate in mixed traffic. The results indicate that deviating from the optimal powertrain configuration does not have a significant effect on energy consumption for optimized speed profiles; however, the energy savings from an optimized powertrain configuration can be significant when ride comfort is considered. The connected buses under energy-efficient driving operating in dedicated lanes may reduce energy consumption by up to 27% compared to human-driven unconnected buses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown